March 29, 2024

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How do we begin to understand animals?  Pavlov's Bell and Classical Conditioning

How do we begin to understand animals? Pavlov’s Bell and Classical Conditioning

throughout history, There weren’t many who devoted themselves to researching animal behavior Until a few years ago. In fact, when Charles Darwin publish his book Expression of emotions in humans and animals In 1872, many strangers who asked what feelings a animal.

Fortunately, Darwin was not the only one who wanted to understand animals more: the world of physiology Ivan Petrovich Pavlov and zoology Konrad Lorenz They are today two pioneering personalities who taught us the foundations of what we know today in terms of animal behavior this means.

In fact, the two researchers advocated the same ideals but Show the world different theories But this, in a way, together they build the science we know today as animal behaviour.

Pavlov’s Bell

Among researchers, we are probably more familiar with the experiences of Pavlov and his famous bell that made people salivate dog (which was actually a pendulum running at 100 beats per minute) without even offering food to it, an effect known as classical conditioning and studied in the classroom in subjects like philosophy.

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (1849-1936) was a Russian physiologist who, despite winning the 1904 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on the digestive glands, He went down in history for his work at a medical conference in Madrid on the famous classical conditioning.

In 1884, Pavlov began studying the digestive function of dogs. It was then that he discovered that once these animals recognized their owner, they would salivate as soon as they saw them. with this, He learned that animals are able to associate a neutral stimulus, such as a sound, with an unconditioned stimulus, in this case, food. Pavlov called the dogs’ response the conditioned response.

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It is important Distinguishing between “conditional” and “subjunctive” Because the first term denotes a state, while the second denotes a relationship, which is precisely the object of its investigation.

Pavlov’s experiments with dogs

  • Pavlov started feeding the dogs that drooled when eating. Then he realized that over time, the animals started getting the same reaction just by seeing him. So he started using the metronome (even though everyone thinks he uses the bell) whenever he gives them food. After repeating it several times, he was able to make the dogs salivate only with a sound stimulus, without offering them any kind of food, showing that the animals’ reactions can be adapted.

in his studies, Pavlov investigated the stimulus-response relationship In all its forms (in the distance, with the owner present and not present, across the room …) They developed the first signaling systems: The first relates to the relationship by which a link is established in the central nervous system, especially in the brain (in the case of dogs, between sound and food).

Explore the world too How does the environment affect the behavior of dogs? and how if the elements of the same place gradually change, then the animal will not notice them, and therefore will not change its behavior; Whereas if this is done directly, it is very likely that the dog will be afraid or aggressive.

In addition, he became Russian complete behavioral personality, A new psychological school has developed a methodology that has allowed the study of behavior to the laboratory, ever since They considered this to be learning from environmental stimuli.